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If a suitable chartplotter is not available, local area AIS transceiver signals may be viewed via a computer using one of several computer applications such as ShipPlotter, GNU AIS or OpenCPN. These demodulate the signal from a modified marine VHF radiotelephone tuned to the AIS frequencies and convert into a digital format that the computer can read and display on a monitor; this data may then be shared via a local or wide area network via TCP or UDP protocols but will still be limited to the collective range of the radio receivers used in the network.[3]Because computer AIS monitoring applications and normal VHF radio transceivers do not possess AIS transceivers, they may be used by shore-based facilities that have no need to transmit or as an inexpensive alternative to a dedicated AIS device for smaller vessels to view local traffic but, of course, the user will remain unseen by other traffic on the network.

Satellites circulating closer to the earth (low earth orbit ranges from about 160 to 2000 km above earth) allow for better web performance, cover wide areas and enable affordable broadband access. Small, low-cost user terminals communicate with satellites and deliver LTE, 3G and WiFi to the surrounding areas.

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Lift-off has a dramatic influence on signal amplitude. With a gap between the receiving coil and the calibrationblock greater than 1 mm (0.04 in.), echoes are not strong enough to exceed noise. This will cause problems forthickness measurement at the center of deep concave craters unless the probe diameter is minimized. A solutionmay consist in replacing winded coils by flexible circuit coils (obtained by photolithography or similar process)for the active surface to fit with the crater surface.3.4. Conclusions Temperature variations are not a problem if EMATs are used for wall thickness measurement purpose on theCOF, in space environment. Results demonstrate that a probe generating 0 shear wave provides values withrelative errors lower than 5% between -150 (-238 F) and +170 C (+338 F), for a thickness 1-5 mm (0.04-0.2 in.).Development should be continued to optimize the probe, particularly regarding the lift-off effect, and to adaptthe whole system to space standards and procedures.EMATs might also be used for crack detection and sizing, for example with probes generating surface or guidedwaves. But other NDT tools such as eddy currents could prove to be more efficient.4. Eddy CurrentEddy current is a method widely used for different kind of applications on aluminum alloy such cracks and othersurface defect detection, conductivity measurement. The main problem for a space application is the temperatureranging from -150 C to 170 C. It is important to evaluate the influence of the temperature on the parametermethod such the variation of probe impedance combined with the conductivity variation of 2219 aluminumalloy. 4.1.Influence of the temperature on 2219 electrical conductivity and penetration depth. The electrical conductivity variation of 2219 according to the temperature is given by the following formula: sT = Conductivity at Temperature in MS/ms réf = reference Conductivity at reference30temperature in MS/mq réf = reference temperatureq = control Temperaturea = 0,0025 (for 2219) Fig 7: Example for 2219 with 19.7 MS/m for 20C for reference value

4.4. Conclusion To conclude on eddy current tools, we can say this method has a great potential to be used in a spaceenvironment without large development. This method can work between -150 C to +170 C in respect ofdetection limit criteria. The prototype probe specially designed for this application use common and chipmaterials and the pollution due to this method are very limited according the requirements. The next step is todesign a remote controlled eddy current system an to demonstrate its ability to work on a damaged area on shellColumbus space structure.5. Visual inspection tools Visual inspection is the first natural way to have a realistic view of the damage due to an impact. But due to theenvironmental limitations, and due to characterisation requirements, this way is not sufficient and has to beimproved.From internal or external side, in current areas, there is no problem to visualise the impact with naked eyes orwith a video camera. The only requirement is to have a light source device because of the darkness that can beencountered inside as well as outside of the module. For the same areas, dimensioning of the impact damage willnot be a major problem because there are plenty of places to position a measurement device in order tocharacterise damage dimensions in diameter, plastic deformation depth, holes, cracks.. Of course, even if visualinspection can detect cracks, it will be necessary to complete the information with other NDI tools. For otherareas, the problem is not the same. Geometrical contingencies are going to limit visibility and accessibility to thedamaged area. On the external side, the visibility of the impact area on the cover itself will be easy but thevisibility of the damage under cover will be limited. For the same reason, the evaluation of the damage could bevery restrictive.5.1. Visual tools device descriptionTo dimension the damage due to an impact in a fully accessible area, the device used is based on a video camerabut this camera needs to be maintained in a stabilised position and localisation in order to give quantitativeinformation. So the solution is to place the camera on a support, which allow movements around the verticalposition to perform measurements. In that case, this support is placed on the surface to examine and a small laseris used to realise the space localisation by telemetry. Small electric engines provide all the degrees of freedomnecessary for the measurements. The support is equipped with removable handles and is linked to the commandand control device by a connection cable providing power in one way and electrical information in the otherway, or can be self-powered and exchange data through a radio link. The astronaut (inside or outside of themodule) places this device then the procedure is automatically performed. The following figure shows the deviceprinciple with main equipment. Fig 14: prototype of computer-assisted visual inspection

Current state-of-the art digital C-arm medical linear accelerators are capable of delivering radiation treatments with high level of automation, which affords coordinated motions of gantry, couch, and multileaf collimator (MLC) with dose rate modulations. The new machine capacity has shown the potential to bring substantially improved radiation dosimetry and/or delivery efficiency to many challenging diseases. Combining an integrated beam orientation optimization algorithm with automated machine navigation, markedly improved dose conformity has been achieved using 4ρ therapy. Trajectory modulated radiation therapy (TMAT) can be used to deliver highly conformal dose to partial breast or to carve complex dose distribution for therapymore involving extended volumes such as total marrow and total lymph node treatment. Dynamic electron arc radiotherapy (DEAR) not only overcomes the deficiencies of conventional electron therapy in dose conformity and homogeneity but also achieves so without patient-specific shields. The combination of MLC and couch tracking provides improved motion management of thoracic and abdominal tumors. A substantial body of work has been done in these technological advances for clinical translation. The proposed symposium will provide a timely review of these exciting opportunities. Learning Objectives: Recognize the potential of using digitally controlled linacs for clinically significant improvements in delivered dose distributions for various treatment sites. Identify existing approaches to treatment planning, optimization and delivery for treatment techniques utilizing the advanced functions of digital linacs and venues for further development and improvement. Understand methods for testing and validating delivery system performance. Identify tools available on current delivery systems for implementation and control for such treatments. Obtain the update in clinical applications, trials and regulatory approval. K. Sheng, NIH U19AI067769

The Laboratório de Aceleradores e Tecnologias de Radiação (LATR) at the Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, of Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) has a horizontal electrostatic particle accelerator based on the Van de Graaff machine which is used for research in the area of material characterization. This machine produces alfa (He+) and proton (H+) beams of some μA currents up to 2 MeV/q energies. Beam focusing is obtained using a cylindrical lens of the Einzel type, assembled near the high voltage terminal. This paper describes the developed system that automatically focuses the ion beam, using a personal computer running the LabVIEW software, a multifunction input/output board and signal conditioning circuits. The focusing procedure consists of a scanning method to find the lens bias voltage which maximizes the beam current measured on a beam stopper target, which is used as feedback for the scanning cycle. This system, as part of a wider start up and shut down automation system built for this particle accelerator, brings great advantages to the operation of the accelerator by turning it faster and easier to operate, requiring less human presence, and adding the possibility of total remote control in safe conditions.

The topics discussed are related to high-energy accelerators and colliders, particle sources and electrostatic accelerators, controls, instrumentation and feedback, beam dynamics, low- and intermediate-energy circular accelerators and rings, RF and other acceleration systems, beam injection, extraction and transport, operations and safety, linear accelerators, applications of accelerators, radiation sources, superconducting supercolliders, new acceleration techniques, superconducting components, cryogenics, and vacuum. Accelerator and storage ring control systems are considered along with linear and nonlinear orbit theory, transverse and longitudinal instabilities and cures, beam cooling, injection and extraction orbit theory, high current dynamics, general beam dynamics, and medical and radioisotope applications. Attention is given to superconducting RF structures, magnet technology, superconducting magnets, and physics opportunities with relativistic heavy ion accelerators. 2ff7e9595c